I set myself a task: when I click on a link on a web page, a terminal should open and connect to the DX cluster.

Introduction

In order to quickly find working stations on the air, DX clusters were invented. Most of them are based on the Telnet protocol. The principle of operation of the Telnet cluster is that radio amateurs connected to the server via the Telnet protocol report the call signs of rare stations (“DX spots”) that are currently on the air to facilitate the search for rare or DX stations. Some of the DX clusters receive data directly from the air - using a multi-channel decoder program that listens to CW (Morse code) broadcasts in the amateur radio band and converts call signs from audio format into text - the so-called CW skimmer (the name comes from the program cwskimmer from the DX Atlas package).

Task: when opening a link on a web page, launch the DX cluster

Opening a terminal window using a link is described in RFC1738. The syntax is as follows: telnet://server:port

• Example:telnet://cluster.lz7aa.com:7300

When you open this link from a personal computer in the Mozilla Firefox browser, you are asked to select an application that will open a telnet:// link.

Installing the Putty program - for access via Telnet or SSH protocols

On Linux Mint and other Debian-like distributions, run the command

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install putty

On Fedora, CentOs and other distributions the commands should help

dnf update
dnf install putty

For other versions of Linux, see the documentation.

Setting up the Putty terminal: setting the color and font size, saving the configuration

We launch Putty through the application menu - usually in the "Internet" section there is an item:

*PuTTY SSH Client

1. Specifying your font and size (point):
   Window - Appearance - Fonts - "Font used for ordinary text" -Change
   specify the desired font, for example:Hack - Regular - 12
   click OK
2. Set photo and foreground color
   Window - Appearance - Colors

• Default Foreground: R: 138, G: 226, B: 52
• Default Bold Foreground: R: 237, G: 212, B: 0
• Default Background: R: 0, G: 0, B: 0
• Default Bold Background: R: 89, G: 154, B: 6
• Cursor Text: R: 204, G: 0, B: 0
• Cursor Color: R: 0, G: 255, B: 0

3. Saving Putty settings:

Session-Default Settings - press the button Save.

4. Exit the program (close the window with a cross or the Cancel button)

Selecting Putty to Open Telnet:// Links in the Browser

Enter (copy and paste) the link telnet://cluster.lz7aa.com:7300 into the address bar of the browser
and press Enter. We choose Putty as a client for opening such links.

The Putty Telnet terminal window will open asking you to enter your login (call sign). The setup is complete.

List of working European CW skimmers

accessible via telnet:// protocol

1. 1.telnet://cluster.lz7aa.com:7300- CW skimmer works in the Reverse Beacon Network, detects only "CQ" spots, all HF bands, QTH LOC KN12QQ near the capital of Bulgaria Sofia
2. 2.telnet://dxspots.com- after logging in, run the command set/skimmer
3. 3.telnet://ik4icz-5.dyndns.org:7300- after logging in, execute commands set/cw,set/skimmer. Skimmers are available for CW, FT4, FT8 and PSK31.
4. 4.telnet://ik5pwj-6.dyndns.org:8000- Italian CW skimmer IK2PWJ
5. 5.telnet://on0dxk.dyndns.org:8000- good CW skimmer, many CW spots. After logging in, run the command set/skimmer
6. 6.telnet://nolcluster.on8ar.eu:7300- Belgian DX cluster with CW skimmer function. After logging in, run the command set/skimmer

List of working European DX clusters

available via telnet:// protocol, without CW skimmer function

1. 1.telnet://dxfun.com:8000- the world's largest DX cluster
2. 2.telnet://db0sue.de:8000- DX cluster in Germany
3. 3.telnet://dx.iz7auh.net:8000- Italian DX cluster IZ7AUH
4. 4.telnet://dx.iz8mbw.net:7300- Italian DX cluster IZ8MBW on Raspberry PI and DXspider program (QTH Napoli) - connected to the Worldwide PacketCluster Network. After connecting, run the command UNSET/ECHO
5. 5.telnet://dx.iz7auh.net:8000- Italian DX cluster IZ7AUH in QTH Taranto
6. 6.telnet://dx.iz8mbw.net:7300- Italian DX cluster IZ8MBW. Run command UNSET/ECHO
7. 7.telnet://cluster.iz3mez.it:8000- Italian DX cluster IZ3MEZ
8. 8.telnet://it9esi.ddns.net:7373- European DX cluster in Italy, connected to a large network of 438 nodes (>3500 people online). After connecting, run the command UNSET/ECHO.
9. 9.telnet://oh1ab.dy.fi:8000- European DX cluster in Finland (Pori) is connected to a large network of 428 nodes (>3500 people online). After connecting, run the command UNSET/ECHO.
   10.10.telnet://oz5bbs.dk:8000- European DX cluster in Denmark (Odense). Connected to 442 nodes, has >3500 radio amateurs reading it online.
   11.11.telnet://pa1rbz.dyndns.org:9000- European DX cluster in the Netherlands. 447 nodes are connected, >3500 radio amateurs read it online.
   12.12.telnet://dxc.pi4cc.nl:8000- DX cluster in the Netherlands. Also connected to an extensive network of DX clusters.
   13.13.http://kh6am.no-ip.org:7550/- CW skimmer in Switzerland (callsign KH6AM). There are not many spots.
   14.14.telnet://dx.net.ua:7300/- working Ukrainian DX cluster (Kyiv, Ukraine) - 432 nodes, >4000 users, but not very many spots.
   15.15.telnet://dx.feerc.ru:8000- Russian DX cluster ODXC.RU, the city of Obninsk in the Moscow region, since 1999.

List of FT8 skimmers working via Telnet

telnet://dm4x.ddns.net:8500- central skimmer www.pskreporter.de
Use filters:
SET/NOECHO
ACCEPT/SPOTS CALL_DXCC <Префикс страны>

For example:ACCEPT/SPOTS CALL_DXCC OE- a filter that includes the display of spot radio stations only from Austria.

List of DXCC countries in Europe and former USSR countries

O.E. austria,
4K azerbaijan,
ZA albania,
C31 andorra,
E.K. armenia,
EU belarus,
ON belgium,
LZ bulgaria,
E7 bosnia and Herzegovina,
H.V. vatican,
G, M UK,
H.A. hungary,
D.L. germany,
SV greece,
4L georgia,
OZ denmark,
EI ireland,
TF iceland,
E.A. spain,
I italy,
UN kazakhstan,
5B cyprus,
EX kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
YL latvia,
LY lithuania,
HB0 liechtenstein,
LX luxembourg,
9H malta,
Z3 macedonia,
ER moldova,
3A monaco,
PA netherlands,
L.A. norway,
SP poland,
C.T. portugal,
U.A. russia,
YO romania,
T7 san Marino,
YU serbia,
OK slovakia,
S5 slovenia,
EY tajikistan,
EZ turkmenistan,
T.A. türkiye,
UT ukraine,
UK uzbekistan,
OH finland,
F france,
9A croatia,
4O montenegro,
OK, O.L. czech Republic,
HB switzerland,
S.M. sweden,
ES estonia.

List of DXCC countries in the Middle East

A9 bahrain,
S.U. egypt,
4X israel,
JY jordan,
O.D. lebanon,
E4 palestinian National Authority,
YK syria,
YI iraq,
E.P. iran,
7O yemen,
A7 qatar,
9K kuwait,
A6 united Arab Emirates (UAE),
A4 oman,
HZ saudi Arabia

List of DXCC countries in North Africa

7X algeria,
S0 western Sahara,
5A libya,
5T mauritania,
CN morocco,
3V tunisia

List of DXCC countries in East Africa

9U burundi,
J2 djibouti,
9J zambia,
5Z kenya,
7Q malawi
9X rwanda,
T5 somalia,
ST sudan,
5H tanzania,
5X uganda,
E3 eritrea,
ET ethiopia,

List of DXCC countries in West Africa

T.Y. benin
XT2 burkina Faso
C5 gambia
9G ghana
3X guinea
J5 guinea-Bissau
D4 cape Verde
T.J. cameroon
T.U. ivory Coast
EL liberia
5T mauritania
TZ mali
5U niger
5N nigeria
ZD7 saint Helena
ZD8 ascension Island
ZD9 tristan da Cunha island
6W senegal
9L sierra Leone
5V7 togo

List of DXCC countries in Central Africa

D2 angola
9U burundi
TR gabon
9J zambia
T.J. cameroon
TN republic of the Congo
9Q democratic Republic of the Congo
9X rwanda
S9 sao Tome and Principe
TL central African Republic
TT chad
3C equatorial Guinea

List of DXCC countries in South Africa

A2 botswana
Z2 zimbabwe
D6 comoros
7P lesotho
3B8 mauritius island
5R madagascar
7Q malawi
C9 mozambique
V5 namibia
ZS republic of South Africa (RSA)

List of DXCC countries in Asia - IARU Region 3

YA afghanistan
S2 bangladesh
V8 brunei
A5 bhutan
4W east Timor
3W,XV vietnam
VU india
YB indonesia
XU cambodia
BY china
P5 korea North
H.L., D.S.- Korea South
XW laos
9M6- Malaysia East
9M2- Malaysia West
8Q maldives
JT mongolia
XZ2 myanmar
9N nepal
AP pakistan
9V singapore
H.S. thailand
B.V. taiwan
D.U. philippines
4S sri Lanka
JA japan

List of countries Region 2 - North America

V2 antigua and Barbuda,
C6 bahamas,
8P barbados,
V3 belize,
HH haiti,
TG guatemala,
HR honduras,
J3 grenada,
J7 dominica,
HI dominican Republic,
V.E. canada,
T.I. costa Rica,
CO cuba,
XE mexico,
YN nicaragua,
HP panama,
YS salvador,
J8 saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
V4 saint Christopher and Nevis,
J6 saint Lucia,
K,W USA,
9Y trinidad and Tobago,
6Y jamaica

List of countries Region 2 - South America

L.U. argentina
C.P. bolivia
PY brazil
YV venezuela
8R guyana
H.K. colombia
ZP paraguay
O.A. peru
PZ suriname
CX uruguay
C.E. chile
HC ecuador

List of countries Region 3 - Oceania

VK australia
YJ vanuatu islands
T30, T31, T32 kiribati
V7 marshall Islands
V6 micronesia
C21 nauru Island
ZL new Zealand
T8 palau archipelago
P29 papua New Guinea
5W western Samoa
H44 solomon Islands
A3 tonga Islands
T2 tuvalu Islands
3D2 fiji

Basic DX cluster management commands

UNSET/ECHO- disable input duplication ("echo") of the keyboard

DX callsign frequency - transmit DX spot to server

DX frequency callsign - transfer DX spot to server

SET/NOSKIMMER- disable the display of spots from the CW skimmer (if there is one)

SET/SKIMMER- enable the display of spots from the CW skimmer (if there is one)

SH/DX- show a list of the last 30 spots once

SH/DX 20- show once a list of the last 30 spots in the range of 20 meters

SH/DX 40- show once a list of the last 30 spots in the range of 40 meters

BYE- completion of work with the DX cluster (exit).

Complete list of DX cluster commands

There are three types of DX clusters, the commands for managing them differ:

• AR cluster Example of a filter by country code:set/filter OH/pass
• DXspider. Example of a filter by country code:accept/spots call_dxcc OH
• VE7CC cluster. Example of a filter by country code:set/filter OH/pass

Links

• DXcc LIST - website QRZ.ru
• DX CLUSTER TELNET DIRECTORY

Related publications

Script for learning Morse code

How to learn to work CW?

Some amateur radio websites are not accessible on the Internet from Russia

Ultra Picokeyer User Manual (translation)

Linux Morse code trainers: aldo, cw and xcwcp